ASL 110: Word Processing & Desktop Publishing 1/ASL Software Publishing - Word Processing - Desktop Publishing PAK 1 (1995).ISO/aslvol10/appl12/manual.6

Text File | 1991-05-03 | 13KB | 311 lines

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               |  Section 6: PARAGRAPHS  |
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CONTENTS

6.1 Indentation and Paragraphs
6.2 Horizontal Tab Mode
6.3 Vertical Tab Mode


6.1 INDENTATION AND PARAGRAPHS

The following tags are relevant to paragraphing:

<QP>  Quad Paragraph:  End Current Line; justify it in accordance with
the current scheme of justification, unless the current scheme is full
justification (<XR>) in which case left-justify the line; move the
printhead down one line. and  and Paragraph, advance printhead
down the page by the line leading plus the inter-paragraph leading.

<APL> Advance Printhead by Inter-Paragraph Leading (Note: If this tag is
used, it must appear on a line by itself, like a `directive'.)

A "paragraph" is a sequence of one or more text lines terminated by a
"Quad" tag and/or by a blank line. If a blank line is present, the
Publisher will insert an implicit <APL> tag into it; and if the last
line before the blank line does not end with a "Quad" tag, the Publisher
will insert an implicit <QP> tag.

The variables which control the appearance of paragraphs, within the
confines of the defined column, are the left-indent, right-indent, and
para-indent. The para-indent, used only on the first line of a
paragraph, and the left-indent, used on all other lines, are measured
from the left edge of the column. The right-indent, measured from the
right edge of the column, applies to all lines.

<ILd>  Set Left-Indent = d

<IRd>  Set Right-Indent = d

<IPd>  Set Para-Indent = d

<IBd>  Set Left- and Right-Indent = d

<ITL>  Set Left-Indent to current print position

<ITR>  Set Right-Indent to current print position

<IHd>  Set Left-Indent=d, Para-Indent=0  - with d greater than 0,
creates a "hanging paragraph", i.e. a paragraph with the first line
extending farther to the left than the other lines.

<IH>   Set Left-Indent=0, Para-Indent=0

<IL>   Set Left-Indent = 0

<IR>   Set Right-Indent = 0

<IP>   Set Para-Indent = 0

<IB>   Set Left- and Right-Indent = 0

6.2 HORIZONTAL TAB MODE

Horizontal Tab Mode is primarily used to display information in tabular
form, that is, in a table having rows and columns. The layout of the
table is defined by a series of tab stops. Each tab field is bordered on
the left and right by a tab stop. A table with "n" tab fields requires
("n"+1) tab stops, unless the "nth" tab field is left justified. The
purpose of the ("n"+1)th" tab stop is to provide the missing edge for
the "nth" tab field. This edge is used for centering, right
justification, or full justification of the "nth" tab field. The maximum
number of tab fields is 30 or, equivalently, the maximum number of tab
stops is 31.

A "table style" (or "horizontal tab style") consists of a number of tab
stops. Individual tab stops are input using the following syntax:

<tab i= stop= justify= font=>

The order of the parameters is not important. Justification and font
parameters may be omitted. The syntax and usage of the parameters
is:

i= Tab number (an integer). The ordinal number of the tab stop, counting
   left to right.

stop= Horizontal distance of the current tab stop, measured from the
      left edge of the column (a positive number). Any unit of
      measurement recognized by the Publisher can be used.

justify= Default justification for the current tab field (from the
         current tab stop to the next ordinal tab stop). Parameter
         values are "qj", "ql", "qr", or "qc", representing quad
         justify, quad left, quad right, and quad center. See "Alignment
         and Justification" for explanations of these tags. The
         justification parameter is optional. If omitted, justification
         is determined by the current rag setting, or by an explicit
         quad tag terminating the input text for the tab field. Example:
         justify=ql.

font= Default font for the current tab field. Any font tag can be used,
      specifying type family, point size, and stroke weight,
      e.g.<Times12m>. (See "Font Changes".) The font parameter is
      optional. If no font is specified, the contents of the tab field
      will appear in the same font as the text preceeding the first tab
      field of the table.

<HS> - Enter Horizontal Tab Mode

<HT> - End text field, print in current tab field, and advance to the
       next tab stop

<HE> - Exit from Horizontal Tab Mode, and advance printhead vertically
       by interline leading

<tab_line thick= > - Print a horizontal line of the specified thickness
                     across the width of the table. If the parameter
                     "thick" is omitted, that is, if you use the tag
                     <tab_line>, the line will be printed in the
                     "default thickness" specified in the setup file or
                     style sheet by the tag <hrule thick= descent= >

EXAMPLE:

<tab i=1 stop=0.5in justify=ql><qz>
<tab i=2 stop=2.5in justify=qr><qz>
<tab i=3 stop=3.5in justify=qr><qz>
<tab i=4 stop=4.5in justify=qr><qz>
<tab i=5 stop=5.5in><qz>
<tab_line><ql>
<HS>Item<HT>1985<HT>1986<HT>1987<HE>
<HS>Income<HT>$10,000<HT>$14,000<HT>$19,500<HE>
<HS>Expenses<HT>8,000<HT>11,500<HT>16,000<HE>
<HS>Total<HT>$2,000<HT>$2,500<HT>$3,500<HE>
<tab_line><ql>

will appear in print as follows:
     __________________________________________________
     Item                      1985      1986      1987
     Income                 $10,000   $14,000   $19,500
     Expenses                 8,000    11,500    16,000
     Total                   $2,000    $2,500    $3,500
     __________________________________________________


IMPORTANT NOTE: Any left or right text indentation which is currently in
effect when you enter tab mode, will be applied INSIDE the individual
tab fields, not to the table as a whole. This is useful in complex
table formats, but is not needed in ordinary tables, since you can
simply set the tab stops wherever you want the text to be located: there
is no requirement for indents.

Unless you are implementing some unusual special effect, LEFT AND RIGHT
TEXT INDENTS SHOULD BE SET TO ZERO when entering Horizontal Tab Mode. If
the text preceding the table was indented on the left and/or right, the
indent(s) can be cancelled by the tags <IL> and/or <IR>, or the single
tag <IB>.

If you wish the whole table to be indented, this can be done by choosing
suitable values for the first and last tab stops. For example, if tab 1
is set at 0.75in, the left edge of the table will be indented
three-quarters of an inch from the left edge of the column.

6.3 VERTICAL TAB MODE

Vertical tab mode is used to control the vertical alignment of paragraphs
of text located side-by-side in two or more sub-columns within the
column measure of the page layout.

Vertical tab mode is also used to set up tabular presentations in
which the individual entries are paragraphs or blocks of text, rather
than single words or numbers. Multilingual formats, consisting of
two or more sub-columns containing translations of the same text into
two or more languages, are another important application of vertical
tab mode.

Like horizontal tab mode, vertical tab mode operates within the confines
of the current column measure: that is, the total width of the sub-column
structure defined using vertical tab mode must not exceed the column
measure of the page layout.

A "Vertical Tab Style" (or "Vtab Style") is a series of vertical tab
stops which create a corresponding number of sub-columns. These tab
stops are defined by <tab> tags, with the following syntax:

<tab i= stop= width= justify= font=>  where

i= Tab number

stop= Horizontal distance from left edge of column to the tab stop

width= Width of the tab field

justify= Default justification for tab field (qj, ql, qr, qc).

font= Default font for the tab field. If no font is specified, the text
      in the tab field will appear in the same font as the text
      preceding the start of vertical tab mode.

EXAMPLE:

<tab i=1 stop=0.125in width=2.25in justify=ql><QZ>
<tab i=2 stop=2.875in width=2.75in justify=qr><QZ>

Sets up a structure of two sub-columns, the left one 2.25" wide, the
right one 2.75" wide, separated by a 1/4" gutter. The left sub-column is
indented 1/8" from the left edge of the column; the left sub-column is
left justified, and the right column is right justified. (Note that this
structure requires a page layout with a Column Measure of at least
5.375".)

The following Publisher tags are used to enter text into the defined
sub-column structure:

<VS> - Vertical Start: Enter vertical tab mode and establish a baseline.

<VC> - Vertical Col: Move the printhead horizontally to the next tab
       stop and vertically to the baseline established by <VS>.

<VE> - Vertical End: Exit from vertical tab mode. Move the printhead
       horizontally to the left edge of the column, and vertically to a
       new baseline that is lower than any baseline visited by the
       printhead, since the <VS> tag.

Within a given sub-column of vertical tab mode, the Publisher
automatically measures and lays out paragraphs, and obeys most tag
commands that are available in normal column mode. These include font
changes, leading, indentation, justification, and more.

Vertical Tab source text for a two-subcolumn structure is set out
in a series of paragraphs, in which the first, third, fifth (etc.)
paragraphs are intended to appear in the left-hand subcolumn, and
the second, fourth, sixth (etc.) paragraphs are intended to appear
in the right-hand subcolumn. Paragraph one will be aligned beside
paragraph two, paragraph three beside paragraph four, and so on. The
series starts with a <VS> tag to initiate vertical tab mode; the two
paragraphs in each side-by-side pair are separated from each other
by a <VC> tag, and from the next pair by <VE> and <VS> tags.

In the nursery rhyme example below, each line ends with a hard line
break,i.e. a <QD> tag, since it is customary to print poetry in this
form. Without these tags, the verses would appear as continuous
paragraphs, with line breaks only where required by the sub-column
widths, but they would still be in side-by-side alignment. The Vtab
Style consists of two sub-columns of width 0.475 column-widths,
separated by a gutter of .05 column-widths, i.e. one-twentieth of a
column-width. The total width is exactly one column-width. (Note: The
total width of a vtab style cannot be greater than one column-width,
but may be less.) The dimensions of a vtab style can, of course, be
specified in any unit of measurement accepted by the Publisher, but
ther is an advantage to specifying them in column-widths (cl): if you
later decide to change the page layout of the document, vtab style
dimensions specified in column-widths will automatically expand or
contract as necessary to match the new layout. The input text to
produce the example is:

<tab i=1 stop=0.000cl width=0.475cl justify=ql><QZ>
<tab i=2 stop=0.525cl width=0.475cl justify=ql><QZ>
SING A SONG OF SIXPENCE<QC>
<QL>
<VS>
Sing a song of sixpence,<QD>
A pocket full of rye;<QD>
Four-and-twenty blackbirds<QD>
Baked in a pie!<VC>
The king was in his counting-house,<QD>
Counting out his money;<QD>
The queen was in her parlor,<QD>
Eating bread and honey.<VE>
<QL>
<VS>
When the pie was opened<QD>
The birds began to sing<QD>
Wasn't that a dainty dish<QD>
To set before the king?<VC>
The maid was in the garden,<QD>
Hanging out the clothes;<QD>
When down came a blackbird<QD>
And snapped off her nose!<VE>

When printed in Vertical Tab mode, it will appear like this:


                       SING A SONG OF SIXPENCE

Sing a song of sixpence,            The king was in his counting-house,
A pocket full of rye;               Counting out his money;
Four-and-twenty blackbirds          The queen was in her parlor,
Baked in a pie!                     Eating bread and honey.

When the pie was opened             The maid was in the garden,
The birds began to sing             Hanging out the clothes;
Wasn't that a dainty dish           When down came a blackbird
To set before the king?             And snapped off her nose!


Vertical tab mode is not limited to two-subcolumn formats: it can handle
as many sub-columns as the page layout has room for. In a three-
subcolumn format, the input text would appear in sequences of three
paragraphs, the first paragraph in each sequence being printed in the
first sub-column, the second paragraph in each sequence being printed in
the second sub-column, and the third paragraph in each sequence being
printed in the third sub-column. <VC> tags would be placed at the ends
of the first and second paragraphs in each sequence, and the third
paragraph of each sequence would be separated from the first paragraph
of the next sequence by <VE> and <VS> tags.